EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF LAND RESOURCES TO OPTIMIZATE THEIR RATIONAL AND SUSTAINABLE LAND USE FROM DEGRADATION AND ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF LANDS

Abstract

The article presents data on effective land management for optimization of their rational use from land degradation and This article presents effective land management methods for mitigating land degradation and addressing water and wind erosion. It summarizes theoretical and practical knowledge about the mechanisms of erosion processes and methods for reducing land degradation. Currently, science offers effective technologies and protection of land use from degradation; a new, different view of the mood-ecological state of land use. This means research and analysis of optimal land use methods and methods to reduce land degradation in land use in Kazakhstan, which accounts for about 90 percent. Thus, as Kazakh scientists have proven, land degradation occurs naturally and is largely dependent on human activity. Furthermore, local climatic conditions and anthropogenic impacts in many cases influence soil degradation in Kazakhstan. The main existing factors of soil erosion are rain, snow, wind, and floods, which are very harmful because they degrade the soil quality. In Kazakhstan's main regions, degraded local lands are used for agricultural purposes, as this involves the use of toxic and chemical pollutants that are hazardous to the soil, impairing the life of organisms, and reducing soil adhesion. The country's primary agricultural practices rely exclusively on fertilizers and harmful chemical pesticides, often due to excessive and, apparently, improper use of chemical fertilizers. As a result, beneficial bacteria and other microorganisms that are part of the soil are destroyed.  It is necessary to take into account the urgent problem of improving the methods of rational use of lands in conditions of degradation. In these conditions, improving the organizational and economic mechanism for protecting agricultural lands from degradation. This predetermines the choice of the topic, object and main directions of research.